In Boston on February 14, 2024, the hydrogen economy is experiencing significant growth, leading to ongoing innovation in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, particularly in the development of materials. While dominant materials are currently in use for certain components, alternative options are emerging, causing a shift in the technology landscape. With a focus on increasing demand for components, supply chain analysis, and assessment of key technology trends, IDTechEx predicts that the materials market for PEM fuel cells will surpass $8 billion by 2034.
The market for fuel cell-powered solutions is expected to expand in the coming years due to the push towards zero-emission transportation, driven by government policies and consumer demand. Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), such as the Toyota Mirai and Hyundai NEXO, have already made strides in the passenger vehicle sector. Additionally, opportunities are growing in the heavy-duty sector, with fuel cell-powered trucks and buses offering efficient operation without the need for extensive refueling networks. Beyond road vehicles, fuel cells are also expected to find applications in marine and rail transportation.
As the demand for fuel cells in transportation grows, there will be a corresponding increase in the need for materials and components for PEM fuel cells. IDTechEx has released a new report, “Materials for PEM Fuel Cells 2024-2034: Technologies, Markets, Players,” which includes detailed 10-year forecasts segmented by vehicle type for key fuel cell components. The report also assesses the value associated with each component, provides player analysis, technology benchmarking, and trends analysis for materials and components used in PEM fuel cells.
A PEM fuel cell consists of several crucial components, with multiple cells combined to form a fuel cell stack. The bipolar plate (BPP) distributes fuel among the cells, while the gas diffusion layer (GDL) transports reactants and products to/from the catalyst layer. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA), consisting of the PEM, CCM, and GDL, plays a vital role in the fuel cell’s operation. The market for PEM fuel cells in transportation is projected to grow at a CAGR of 28% between 2024 and 2034, highlighting the importance of the materials and components used in fuel cells.
BPPs are essential components of fuel cells, providing structural support, separating gases, and collecting current. The choice of material for BPPs must consider parameters such as mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. The IDTechEx report benchmarks the two dominant material choices, graphite, and metal, and analyzes component suppliers, material choices, and supply chain agreements with OEMs.
The MEA is another critical component of fuel cells, incorporating the proton exchange membrane, CCM, and GDL. The GDL plays a significant role in water management within the cell, despite its simplicity. The report provides insights into major players in the GDL market segment, technological differentiators, and information on OEM supplies. Additionally, the report discusses material trends for enhancing water management within the cell.
The PEM facilitates proton transport within the cell and typically consists of an ionomer polymer, with Nafion being the market leader. However, alternative ionomer materials are gaining traction, especially considering potential restrictions on PFAS materials. The report benchmarks alternative membrane materials against PFAS with regard to key parameters such as electrical resistance, ion exchange capacity (IEC), and membrane thickness.
Catalytic materials are crucial for enabling effective chemical reactions in PEM fuel cells at sub-100°C temperatures. While platinum and other platinum group metals (PGMs) are traditionally used as catalysts, their high cost poses challenges for cost reduction. The report from IDTechEx details key suppliers of PGM catalysts to OEMs, forecasts the demand for PGM materials, and evaluates the value associated with integrating these metals into a CCM. Research and development efforts in fuel cell technology are currently focused on reducing the cost of the catalyst. This can be achieved by either minimizing the amount of precious group metals (PGM) needed or by exploring alternative catalytic materials. For more insights on the materials landscape, trends, and emerging alternatives for components in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, refer to the IDTechEx market report titled “Materials for PEM Fuel Cells 2024-2034: Technologies, Markets, Players.”
An upcoming webinar titled “The Latest Material Developments for PEM Fuel Cells,” presented by Dr. Conor O’Brien, a Senior Technology Analyst at IDTechEx, will delve into key aspects related to PEM fuel cells. Scheduled for Thursday, 22 February 2024, the webinar will cover topics such as the components of PEM fuel cells, advancements in alternative materials and manufacturing processes, technology trends, and market insights within the fuel cell electric vehicle sector.
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SOURCE: IDTechEx